New method could detect Alzheimer’s earlier – using the eye as a tool

Researchers at BTH are working to find simpler ways to detect Alzheimer’s disease at an early stage. The aim is to develop methods that are gentle on the patient and can be used on a large scale for screening.

"Today, the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s is often based on analyses of spinal fluid or advanced brain imaging. These methods are both costly and invasive, which makes them difficult to use widely – despite the fact that the disease begins to develop long before symptoms become apparent" explains Ana Louiza Dallora Moraes, one of the researchers at the Department of Health at BTH.

Studying the retina is one approach the researchers are exploring.
To move away from these invasive and costly methods, the researchers are investigating several alternative approaches. These include examining images of the retina, blood tests and computer-based memory tests. Using machine learning, the results are analysed to identify early signs of the disease.

In their latest study, conducted at a memory clinic, the researchers have used a special technique to image the retina, known as hyperspectral imaging. The method makes it possible to detect deposits of amyloid-beta – a substance strongly linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

"The results show that information from the retina, particularly from certain specific areas, can provide a relatively accurate picture of the early changes associated with the disease. This suggests that the eye could serve as a simple and non-invasive route to early diagnosis" says Ana Louiza Dallora Moraes.

In the long term, this research could lead to cheaper and more accessible screening methods. This would make it possible to detect the disease at an earlier stage, improve treatment and enable the healthcare system to plan future interventions more effectively.